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title: "Vodič · Javne financije Europske unije"
toc: false
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lang: hr-HR
format:
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page-layout: full
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<div class="vd-dio-4">
<div class="vd-folio">
<div class="vd-folio-left">
<a class="vd-back" href="../vodic.html">← Vodič</a>
<span class="vd-folio-chapter">Dio IV · Poglavlje 16 · Javne financije EU</span>
</div>
<div class="vd-folio-meta">
<span>2 min čitanja</span>
<span>Mapa 16 od 22</span>
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<h1 class="vd-question">Kako dijeliti valutu, a ne dijeliti proračun?</h1>
<div class="vd-map">
<ol class="vd-branches" aria-label="Šest ideja poglavlja o javnim financijama Europske unije">
<li class="vd-branch">
<a class="vd-branch-card" href="../chapters/16-eu-javne-financije.html#što-je-drukčije-u-europskoj-uniji">
<span class="vd-branch-icon" aria-hidden="true">
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="9"/><path d="M3 12h18M12 3c2.5 2.7 4 6.2 4 9s-1.5 6.3-4 9c-2.5-2.7-4-6.2-4-9s1.5-6.3 4-9Z"/></svg>
</span>
<span>
<span class="vd-branch-title">Hibrid, ne država</span>
<span class="vd-branch-text">Unija ima proračun i pravila, ali ne mirovine, zdravstvo ni jedinstveni porez.</span>
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="vd-branch">
<a class="vd-branch-card" href="../chapters/16-eu-javne-financije.html#problem-fiskalne-unije">
<span class="vd-branch-icon" aria-hidden="true">
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="4"/><circle cx="16" cy="16" r="4"/><path d="M8 12v4M12 16h4"/></svg>
</span>
<span>
<span class="vd-branch-title">Zajednički novac, nacionalni proračun</span>
<span class="vd-branch-text">Jedna središnja banka, ali dvadeset ministarstava financija. Otud sva napetost.</span>
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="vd-branch">
<a class="vd-branch-card" href="../chapters/16-eu-javne-financije.html#europska-javna-dobra-kao-novi-argument">
<span class="vd-branch-icon" aria-hidden="true">
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M12 3 4 7v5c0 5 3.5 8 8 9 4.5-1 8-4 8-9V7l-8-4Z"/></svg>
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<span>
<span class="vd-branch-title">Europska javna dobra</span>
<span class="vd-branch-text">Obrana, energija i klima prelijevaju se preko granica, pa traže zajedničko financiranje.</span>
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="vd-branch">
<a class="vd-branch-card" href="../chapters/16-eu-javne-financije.html#kako-unija-koordinira-nacionalne-politike">
<span class="vd-branch-icon" aria-hidden="true">
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M12 3a9 9 0 1 0 9 9"/><path d="M21 3v6h-6"/><path d="M12 8v4l3 2"/></svg>
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<span>
<span class="vd-branch-title">Europski semestar</span>
<span class="vd-branch-text">Godišnji ciklus u kojem Unija ne piše proračune, nego usmjerava preporuke.</span>
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="vd-branch">
<a class="vd-branch-card" href="../chapters/16-eu-javne-financije.html#kratka-povijest-fiskalnih-pravila">
<span class="vd-branch-icon" aria-hidden="true">
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M3 12h18"/><path d="M6 12V6M12 12V4M18 12V8"/><path d="M4 20h16"/></svg>
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<span>
<span class="vd-branch-title">Pravila od Maastrichta do 2024.</span>
<span class="vd-branch-text">3 posto deficita i 60 posto duga ostaju, ali se gleda srednji rok i neto rashodi.</span>
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="vd-branch">
<a class="vd-branch-card" href="../chapters/16-eu-javne-financije.html#nextgenerationeu-i-pouka-za-hrvatsku">
<span class="vd-branch-icon" aria-hidden="true">
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M12 3v12"/><path d="M7 10l5 5 5-5"/><path d="M5 19h14"/></svg>
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<span>
<span class="vd-branch-title">NextGenerationEU</span>
<span class="vd-branch-text">Prvi put veliki zajednički dug. Presedan koji ne dokazuje uniju, ali pomiče granice.</span>
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="vd-cards">
<div class="vd-card">
<span class="vd-card-label">Politika u praksi</span>
<p>Hrvatska kroz Plan oporavka ne dobiva samo novac za ceste i energetsku obnovu, nego preuzima i reformske obveze. Isplata stiže tek kad se ispune dogovorene prekretnice.</p>
<a class="vd-src" href="../chapters/16-eu-javne-financije.html#nextgenerationeu-i-pouka-za-hrvatsku">Poglavlje 16 · NextGenerationEU i Hrvatska</a>
</div>
<div class="vd-card">
<span class="vd-card-label">Jedna brojka</span>
<span class="vd-big">3 %</span>
<p>Tolika je granica deficita iz Maastrichta, uz dug do 60 posto BDP-a. Brojke su iste od 1992., ali se način praćenja u 2024. promijenio.</p>
<a class="vd-src" href="../chapters/16-eu-javne-financije.html#kratka-povijest-fiskalnih-pravila">Poglavlje 16 · Fiskalna pravila</a>
</div>
<div class="vd-card">
<span class="vd-card-label">Mit i stvarnost</span>
<p class="vd-mit"><span class="vd-tag">Mit</span>Bruxelles piše naše proračune.</p>
<p class="vd-stvar"><span class="vd-tag">Stvarnost</span>Proračune donose nacionalni parlamenti. Unija koordinira, nadzire i preporučuje, ali ne troši umjesto države.</p>
<a class="vd-src" href="../chapters/16-eu-javne-financije.html#kako-unija-koordinira-nacionalne-politike">Poglavlje 16 · Europski semestar</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vd-pojam">
<span class="vd-pojam-label">Pojam za razgovor</span>
<p><span class="vd-pojam-term">vlastita sredstva</span> <span class="vd-pojam-text">Prihodi proračuna Unije. Zvuče kao europski porez, a uglavnom su doprinosi država članica.</span></p>
</div>
<nav class="vd-dalje" aria-label="Kamo dalje">
<a href="15-porezi-praksa.html">← Mapa 15</a>
<a class="vd-primary" href="../chapters/16-eu-javne-financije.html">Otvorite poglavlje u knjizi</a>
<a href="17-drzavni-neuspjesi.html">Mapa 17 →</a>
</nav>
</div>
```