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title: "Vodič · Instrumenti državne intervencije"
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number-sections: false
lang: hr-HR
format:
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<div class="vd-dio-4">
<div class="vd-folio">
<div class="vd-folio-left">
<a class="vd-back" href="../vodic.html">← Vodič</a>
<span class="vd-folio-chapter">Dio IV · Poglavlje 13 · Instrumenti intervencije</span>
</div>
<div class="vd-folio-meta">
<span>2 min čitanja</span>
<span>Mapa 13 od 22</span>
</div>
</div>
<h1 class="vd-question">Koje alate država ima u rukama?</h1>
<div class="vd-map">
<ol class="vd-branches" aria-label="Šest ideja poglavlja o instrumentima">
<li class="vd-branch">
<a class="vd-branch-card" href="../chapters/13-instrumenti.html#čime-država-djeluje">
<span class="vd-branch-icon" aria-hidden="true">
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M14.5 6.5a4 4 0 0 0-5.6 5L4 16.4V20h3.6l4.9-4.9a4 4 0 0 0 5-5.6L14.6 12l-2.6-2.6 2.5-2.9Z"/></svg>
</span>
<span>
<span class="vd-branch-title">Od cilja do alata</span>
<span class="vd-branch-text">Cilj nije politika dok se ne odabere instrument i osigura provedba.</span>
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</a>
</li>
<li class="vd-branch">
<a class="vd-branch-card" href="../chapters/13-instrumenti.html#porezi">
<span class="vd-branch-icon" aria-hidden="true">
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="9"/><path d="M14.5 8.5c-.5-1-1.5-1.5-2.5-1.5-1.5 0-2.5 1-2.5 2.2 0 2.8 5 1.6 5 4.4 0 1.2-1 2.2-2.5 2.2-1.2 0-2.2-.6-2.7-1.6"/><path d="M12 5.5V7m0 10v1.5"/></svg>
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<span>
<span class="vd-branch-title">Novac kao poluga</span>
<span class="vd-branch-text">Porezi, potrošnja, subvencije i transferi mijenjaju ponašanje kroz džep.</span>
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="vd-branch">
<a class="vd-branch-card" href="../chapters/13-instrumenti.html#regulacija">
<span class="vd-branch-icon" aria-hidden="true">
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><rect x="4" y="3" width="16" height="18" rx="1"/><path d="M8 7h8M8 11h8M8 15h5"/></svg>
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<span class="vd-branch-title">Pravila i standardi</span>
<span class="vd-branch-text">Regulacija djeluje bez novca, ali nosi troškove usklađivanja i rizik zarobljavanja.</span>
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</a>
</li>
<li class="vd-branch">
<a class="vd-branch-card" href="../chapters/13-instrumenti.html#javna-poduzeća">
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<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M4 21V10l5 3v-3l5 3v-3l6 3.5V21"/><path d="M3 21h18"/></svg>
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<span>
<span class="vd-branch-title">Država kao proizvođač</span>
<span class="vd-branch-text">Javna poduzeća i agencije pružaju izravno ono gdje tržište ne staje.</span>
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="vd-branch">
<a class="vd-branch-card" href="../chapters/13-instrumenti.html#bihevioralni-i-nudge-instrumenti">
<span class="vd-branch-icon" aria-hidden="true">
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M5 12h9"/><path d="M11 8l4 4-4 4"/><circle cx="19" cy="12" r="2.5"/></svg>
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<span class="vd-branch-title">Gurkanje umjesto prisile</span>
<span class="vd-branch-text">Zadane opcije i informacije mijenjaju izbore bez zabrana i nameta.</span>
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="vd-branch">
<a class="vd-branch-card" href="../chapters/13-instrumenti.html#kombiniranje-instrumenata">
<span class="vd-branch-icon" aria-hidden="true">
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><circle cx="9" cy="12" r="5.5"/><circle cx="15" cy="12" r="5.5"/></svg>
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<span class="vd-branch-title">Pravi miks</span>
<span class="vd-branch-text">Izbor i kombinacija alata ovise o problemu. Svaki nosi vlastite troškove i uvjete.</span>
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</a>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="vd-cards">
<div class="vd-card">
<span class="vd-card-label">Politika u praksi</span>
<p>Britanska Kolumbija od 2008. oporezuje ugljik umjesto da propisuje tehnologije, a prihod vraća kroz niže poreze na dohodak i dobit.</p>
<a class="vd-src" href="../chapters/13-instrumenti.html#porezi">Poglavlje 13 · Porezi kao instrument</a>
</div>
<div class="vd-card">
<span class="vd-card-label">Jedna brojka</span>
<span class="vd-big">9/10</span>
<p>Toliko zaposlenih štedi za mirovinu kad je upis automatski. Uz ručnu prijavu, otprilike polovica.</p>
<a class="vd-src" href="../chapters/13-instrumenti.html#bihevioralni-i-nudge-instrumenti">Poglavlje 13 · Nudge instrumenti</a>
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<div class="vd-card">
<span class="vd-card-label">Mit i stvarnost</span>
<p class="vd-mit"><span class="vd-tag">Mit</span>Najjači alat države je zabrana.</p>
<p class="vd-stvar"><span class="vd-tag">Stvarnost</span>Porez na ugljik ili pametna zadana opcija često postignu više od zabrane, uz manji trošak i otpor.</p>
<a class="vd-src" href="../chapters/13-instrumenti.html#kombiniranje-instrumenata">Poglavlje 13 · Kombiniranje alata</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vd-pojam">
<span class="vd-pojam-label">Pojam za razgovor</span>
<p><span class="vd-pojam-term">nudge</span> <span class="vd-pojam-text">Mali gurkalj. Zadana opcija koja promijeni izbor bez zabrane i bez troška.</span></p>
</div>
<nav class="vd-dalje" aria-label="Kamo dalje">
<a href="12-konstitucionalna-ekonomika.html">← Mapa 12</a>
<a class="vd-primary" href="../chapters/13-instrumenti.html">Otvorite poglavlje u knjizi</a>
<a href="14-javna-potrosnja.html">Mapa 14 →</a>
</nav>
</div>
```